How to VLOOKUP with Multiple Criteria in Google Sheets

Join the keys with &: =XLOOKUP(E2&F2,A2:A100&B2:B100,C2:C100) matches on two columns at once — cleaner than VLOOKUP for multiple criteria.

=XLOOKUP(E2&F2,A2:A100&B2:B100,C2:C100)

Concatenate the lookup keys and the lookup columns the same way; XLOOKUP matches the combined key and returns from column C.

How it works

VLOOKUP natively matches one column, so multi-criteria lookups need a trick. The modern way is XLOOKUP: join the search keys with & and join the matching columns the same way, so a single combined key is matched. If you must use VLOOKUP, build a helper column that concatenates the keys and look that up instead. FILTER is a third option when you want every matching row.

Variations

Helper column + VLOOKUP

=VLOOKUP(E2&F2,D2:G100,4,FALSE)

Put =A2&B2 in column D as the combined key, then VLOOKUP that key; column 4 is the value to return.

FILTER for the matching row

=FILTER(C2:C100,A2:A100=E2,B2:B100=F2)

Returns every value in C where both conditions are true; list more pairs to add criteria.

INDEX/MATCH with two keys

=INDEX(C2:C100,MATCH(E2&F2,A2:A100&B2:B100,0))

A classic alternative to XLOOKUP that works in any sheet.

Examples

Scenario	Formula
Price by product AND size	`=XLOOKUP(E2&F2,A2:A100&B2:B100,C2:C100)`
All orders matching region AND status	`=FILTER(C2:C100,A2:A100=E2,B2:B100=F2)`

FAQ

Can VLOOKUP match two columns on its own?

No. VLOOKUP matches a single column. Use a concatenated helper column, or switch to XLOOKUP, INDEX/MATCH, or FILTER.

Why join the keys with &?

Combining both keys into one string lets the lookup compare both criteria as a single value, so only rows matching both are found.

Which method is best?

XLOOKUP is the cleanest for one result; FILTER is best when several rows can match.

Related formulas

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